***SPECIAL!!! 20% Discount on all Radon and Mold testing!***
***SPECIAL!!! 20% Discount on all Radon and Mold testing!***
Buying a new home can be stressful and complicated. Choosing a qualified, honest, and experienced home inspector can give you the knowledge and confidence you need to make a sound real estate purchasing decision.
As the owner of Premium Home Inspections, LLC, my comprehensive inspections, fair pricing and commitment to honesty and accur
Buying a new home can be stressful and complicated. Choosing a qualified, honest, and experienced home inspector can give you the knowledge and confidence you need to make a sound real estate purchasing decision.
As the owner of Premium Home Inspections, LLC, my comprehensive inspections, fair pricing and commitment to honesty and accuracy , help bring peace of mind to every client.
All areas of the home are inspected, interior and exterior, doors, windows, electrical, plumbing, mechanicals, roof, attic, and the foundation. Garage inspections are included in each home inspection.
While some issues in the home are obvious, there can be issues that need specific, sometimes immediate attention, but are not easy to see. Informing you about potential safety or functionalty issues you may not even know are a problem is what "Peace of Mind" is all about.
Every inspection includes a general thermal/infrared scan of all ceilings at the top level of the home and of the basement walls for any signs of moisture intrusion through the roof or foundation. In finished basements, this may be the only way to find leaking/water intrusion.
Radon testing and mold sampling are also available.
All areas of the home are inspected. Interior and exterior, grading, vegetation, doors, windows, electrical, plumbing, heating, cooling, roof, attic, and the foundation. Garage inspections are also included with every full home inspection.
Radon is a cancer-causing radioactive gas. It is a naturally occurring radioactive gas and comes from the natural breakdown (radioactive decay) of uranium. It is usually found in igneous rock and soil, but is found in all types of soil and in some cases, well water may also be a source of radon.
Radon gas tends to collect in basements.
You
Radon is a cancer-causing radioactive gas. It is a naturally occurring radioactive gas and comes from the natural breakdown (radioactive decay) of uranium. It is usually found in igneous rock and soil, but is found in all types of soil and in some cases, well water may also be a source of radon.
Radon gas tends to collect in basements.
You cannot see, smell or taste radon, but it may be an issue in your new home.
The Surgeon General has warned that radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States today. If you smoke and your home has high radon levels, you’re at an even higher risk for developing lung cancer. Some scientific studies of radon exposure indicate that children may be more sensitive to radon. This may be due to their higher respiration rate and their rapidly dividing cells, which may be more vulnerable to radiation damage.
Premium Home Inspections, LLC performs highly accurate radon testing as an additional service. Test results are generally available within 72 hours of the start of the test. Additional fee applies.
Even if you don’t see it, mold spores may be there, lurking in hard-to-reach corners, beneath flooring or behind walls. While mold spores are everywhere in the air we breathe every day, the growth of certain molds inside the home can be detrimental, or even dangerous to the occupants. Infrared imaging/scanning can help find problem areas
Even if you don’t see it, mold spores may be there, lurking in hard-to-reach corners, beneath flooring or behind walls. While mold spores are everywhere in the air we breathe every day, the growth of certain molds inside the home can be detrimental, or even dangerous to the occupants. Infrared imaging/scanning can help find problem areas that are not visible to the naked eye.
Mold loves damp locations, such as previously flooded basements or leaking pipes and windows, and can even be present in tightly sealed new construction, where even a tiny amount of trapped moisture can cause it to grow.
Premium Home Inspections, LLC can perform mold sampling at visibly effected locations and also test for airborne mold in the home. Additional fee required.
Mon | 08:00 am – 07:00 pm | |
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Wed | Closed | |
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Sat | 08:00 am – 07:00 pm | |
Sun | 10:00 am – 06:00 pm |
Asbestos: Facts and Tips
Article courtesy of Premium Home Inspections, LLC and INTERNACHI
What Is Asbestos?
Asbestos is a mineral fiber that can be positively identified only with a special type of microscope. There are several types of asbestos fibers. In the past, asbestos was added to a variety of products to strengthen them and to provide heat insulation and fire resistance.
How Can Asbestos Affect Human Health?
From studies of people who were exposed to asbestos in factories and shipyards, we know that breathing high levels of asbestos fibers can lead to an increased risk of lung cancer in the forms of mesothelioma, which is a cancer of the lining of the chest and the abdominal cavity, and asbestosis, in which the lungs become scarred with fibrous tissue.
The risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma increase with the number of fibers inhaled. The risk of lung cancer from inhaling asbestos fibers is also greater if you smoke. People who get asbestosis have usually been exposed to high levels of asbestos for a long time. The symptoms of these diseases do not usually appear until about 20 to 30 years after the first exposure to asbestos.
Most people exposed to small amounts of asbestos, as we all are in our daily lives, do not develop these health problems. However, if disturbed, asbestos material may release asbestos fibers, which can be inhaled into the lungs. The fibers can remain there for a long time, increasing the risk of disease. Asbestos material that would crumble easily if handled, or that has been sawed, scraped, or sanded into a powder, is more likely to create a health hazard.
Where Would Asbestos Be Found, and When Can it Be a Problem?
Most products made today do not contain asbestos. Those few products made which still contain asbestos that could be inhaled are required to be labeled as such. However, until the 1970s, many types of building products and insulation materials used in homes contained asbestos.
Common products that might have contained asbestos in the past, and conditions which may release fibers, include:
Where Asbestos Hazards May Be Found in a Home
What Should Be Done About Asbestos in the Home?
If you think asbestos may be in your home, don't panic. Usually, the best thing to do is to leave asbestos material that is in good condition alone. Generally, material in good condition will not release asbestos fibers. There is no danger unless the asbestos is disturbed and fibers are released and then inhaled into the lungs. Check material regularly if you suspect it may contain asbestos. Don't touch it, but look for signs of wear or damage, such as tears, abrasions or water damage. Damaged material may release asbestos fibers. This is particularly true if you often disturb it by hitting, rubbing or handling it, or if it is exposed to extreme vibration or air flow. Sometimes, the best way to deal with slightly damaged material is to limit access to the area and not touch or disturb it. Discard damaged or worn asbestos gloves, stove-top pads and ironing board covers. Check with local health, environmental or other appropriate agencies to find out proper handling and disposal procedures. If asbestos material is more than slightly damaged, or if you are going to make changes in your home that might disturb it, repair or removal by a professional is needed. Before you have your house remodeled, find out whether asbestos materials are present.
How to Manage an Asbestos Problem
If the asbestos material is in good shape and will not be disturbed, do nothing! If it is a problem, there are two types of corrections: repair and removal. Repair usually involves either sealing or covering asbestos material. Sealing (encapsulation) involves treating the material with a sealant that either binds the asbestos fibers together or coats the material so that fibers are not released. Pipe, furnace and boiler insulation can sometimes be repaired this way. This should be done only by a professional trained to handle asbestos safely. Covering (enclosure) involves placing something over or around the material that contains asbestos to prevent the release of fibers. Exposed insulated piping may be covered with a protective wrap or jacket. With any type of repair, the asbestos remains in place. Repair is usually cheaper than removal, but it may make removal of asbestos later (if found to be necessary) more difficult and costly. Repairs can either be major or minor. All repairs must be done only by a professional trained in methods for safely handling asbestos.
Asbestos Professionals: Who Are They and What Can They Do?
Asbestos professionals are trained in handling asbestos material. The type of professional will depend on the type of product and what needs to be done to correct the problem. You may hire a general asbestos contractor or, in some cases, a professional trained to handle specific products containing asbestos.
The federal government offers training courses for asbestos professionals around the country. Some state and local governments also offer or require training or certification courses. Ask asbestos professionals to document their completion of federal or state-approved training. Each person performing work in your home should provide proof of training and licensing in asbestos work, such as completion of EPA-approved training. State and local health departments or EPA regional offices may have listings of licensed professionals in your area.
Attached Garage Fire Containment
Article Courtesy of Premium Home Inspections, LLC and INTERNACHI
An attached garage is a garage that is physically attached to a house. Fires that begin in attached garages are more likely to spread to living areas than fires that originate in detached garages. For this reason, combined with the multitude of flammable materials commonly found in garages, attached garages should be adequately sealed from living areas. A properly sealed attached garage will ideally restrict the potential spread of fire long enough to allow the occupants time to escape the home or building.
Why are garages (both attached and detached) fire hazards?
Doors
The 2006 edition of the International Residential Code (IRC) states the following concerning doors that separate garages from living areas:
R309.1 Opening Penetration
Openings from a private garage directly into a room used for sleeping purposes shall not be permitted. Other openings between the garage and the residence shall be equipped with solid wood doors not less than 1-3/8” (35 mm) in thickness, solid- or honeycomb-core steel doors not less than 1-3/8” (35 mm) thick, or 20-minute fire-rated doors.
In addition, Premium Home Inspections, LLC will check for the following while inspecting doors that separate garages from living areas:
Walls and Ceilings
The 2006 edition of the IRC states the following concerning garage walls and ceilings:
R309.2 Separation Required
The garage shall be separated from the residence and its attic area by not less than 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum board applied to the garage side. Garages beneath habitable rooms shall be separated from all habitable rooms above by not less than 5/8-inch (15.9 mm) Type X gypsum board or equivalent. Where the separation is a floor-ceiling assembly, the structure supporting the separation shall also be protected by not less than 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum board or equivalent. Garages located less than 3 feet (914 mm) from a dwelling unit on the same lot shall be protected with not less than 1/2–inch (12.7 mm) gypsum board applied to the interior side of exterior walls that are within this area. Openings in these walls shall be regulated by Section 309.1. This provision does not apply to garage walls that are perpendicular to the adjacent dwelling unit wall.
Ducts
The 2006 edition of the IRC states the following concerning ducts that penetrate garage walls and ceilings:
R309.1.1 Duct Penetration
Dryer exhaust ducts that penetrate garage walls are serious fire hazards. These ducts are generally made from plastic and will easily melt during a fire, creating a large breach in the firewall.
Water heaters
Concerning items placed on the floor:
In summary, attached garages should be sealed off from the living space so that fire and fumes may be contained.
ADHESIVES, CAULK & PAINTS
YEARS
Caulking (interior & exterior)
5 to 10
Construction Glue
20+
Paint (exterior)
7 to 10
Paint (interior)
10 to 15
Roofing Adhesives/Cements
15+
Sealants
8
Stains
3 to 8
Surface preparation and paint quality are the most important determinants of a paint's life expectancy. Ultraviolet (UV) rays via sunshine can shorten life expectancy. Additionally, conditions of high humidity indoors or outdoors can affect the lifespan of these components, which is why they should be inspected and maintained seasonally.
APPLIANCES
YEARS
Air Conditioner (window)
5 to 7
Compactor (trash)
6
Dehumidifier
8
Dishwasher
9
Disposal (food waste)
12
Dryer Vent (plastic)
NOT RECOMMENDED
Dryer Vent (steel)
20
Dryer (clothes)
13
Exhaust Fans
10
Freezer
10 to 20
Gas Oven
10 to 18
Hand Dryer
10 to 12
Humidifier (portable)
8
Microwave Oven
9
Range/Oven Hood
14
Electric Range
13 to 15
Gas Range
15 to 17
Refrigerator
9 to 13
Swamp Cooler
5 to 15
Washing Machine
5 to 15
Whole-House Vacuum System
20
Appliance life expectancy depends to a great extent on the use it receives. Furthermore, consumers often replace appliances long before they become worn out due to changes in styling, technology and consumer preferences.
Modern kitchens today are larger and more elaborate. Together with the family room, they now form the “great room.”
CABINETRY & STORAGE
YEARS
Bathroom Cabinets
50+
Closet Shelves
100+
Entertainment Center/Home Office
10
Garage/Laundry Cabinets
70+
Kitchen Cabinets
50
Medicine Cabinet
25+
Modular (stock manufacturing-type)
50
CEILINGS & WALLS
YEARS
Acoustical Tile Ceiling
40+ (older than 25 years may contain asbestos)
Ceramic Tile
70+
Concrete
75+
Gypsum
75
Wood Paneling
20 to 50
Suspended Ceiling
25+
Walls and ceilings last the full lifespan of the home.
COUNTERTOPS
YEARS
Concrete
50
Cultured Marble
20
Natural Stone
100+
Laminate
20 to 30
Resin
10+
Tile
100+
Wood
100+
Natural stone countertops, which are less expensive than they were just a few years ago, are becoming more popular, and one can expect them to last a lifetime. Cultured marble countertops have a shorter life expectancy, however.
DECKS
YEARS
Deck Planks
15
Composite
8 to 25
Structural Wood
10 to 30
Decks are exposed to a wide range of conditions in different climates, from wind and hail in some areas, to relatively consistent, dry weather in others. See FASTENERS & STEEL section for fasteners.
DOORS
YEARS
Closet (interior)
100+
Fiberglass (exterior)
100+
Fire-Rated Steel (exterior)
100+
French (interior)
30 to 50
Screen (exterior)
30
Sliding Glass/Patio (exterior)
20 (for roller wheel/track repair/replacement)
Vinyl (exterior)
20
Wood (exterior)
100+
Wood (hollow-core interior)
20 to 30
Wood (solid-core interior)
30 to 100+
Exterior fiberglass, steel and wood doors will last as long as the house, while vinyl and screen doors have a shorter life expectancy. The gaskets/weatherstripping of exterior doors may have to be replaced every 5 to 8 years.
ELECTRICAL
YEARS
Accessories
10+
Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCIs)
30
Bare Copper
100+
Bulbs (compact fluorescent)
8,000 to 10,000+ hours
Bulbs (halogen)
4,000 to 8,000+ hours
Bulbs (incandescent)
1,000 to 2,000+ hours
Bulbs (LED)
30,000 to 50,000+ hours
Copper-Clad Aluminum
100+
Copper-Plated
100+
Fixtures
40
Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs)
up to 30
Lighting Controls
30+
Residential Propane Backup Generators
12
Service Panel
60 Generally should be updated if more than 25 years old.
Solar Panels
20 to 30
Solar System Batteries
3 to 12
Wind Turbine Generators
20
Copper-plated wiring, copper-clad aluminum, and bare copper wiring are expected to last a lifetime, whereas electrical accessories and lighting controls, such as dimmer switches, may need to be replaced after 10 years. GFCIs could last 30 years, but much less if tripped regularly.
Remember that faulty, damaged or overloaded electrical circuits or equipment are the leading cause of house fires, so they should be inspected regularly and repaired or updated as needed.
Floor and roof trusses and laminated strand lumber are durable household components, and engineered trim may last 30 years.
ENGINEERED LUMBER
YEARS
Engineered Joists
80+
Laminated Strand Lumber
100+
Laminated Veneer Lumber
80+
Trusses
100+
FASTENERS, CONNECTORS & STEEL
YEARS
Adjustable Steel Columns
50+
Fasteners (bright)
25 to 60
Fasteners (copper)
65 to 80+
Fasteners (galvanized)
10+
Fasteners (electro-galvanized)
15 to 45
Fasteners (hot-dipped galvanized)
35 to 60
Fasteners (stainless)
65 to 100+
Steel Beams
200+
Steel Columns
100+
Steel Plates
100+
Fastener manufacturers do not give lifespans for their products because they vary too much based on where the fasteners are installed in a home, the materials in which they're installed, and the local climate and environment. However, inspectors can use the guidelines below to make educated judgments about the materials they inspect.
FLOORING
YEARS
All Wood Floors
100+
Bamboo
100+
Brick Pavers
100+
Carpet
8 to 10
Concrete
50+
Engineered Wood
50+
Exotic Wood
100+
Granite
100+
Laminate
15 to 25
Linoleum
25
Marble
100+
Other Domestic Wood
100+
Slate
100
Terrazzo
75+
Tile
75 to 100
Vinyl
25
Flooring life is dependent on maintenance and the amount of foot traffic the floor endures.
FOUNDATIONS
YEARS
Baseboard Waterproofing System
50
Bituminous-Coating Waterproofing
10
Concrete Block
100+
Insulated Concrete Forms (ICFs)
100
Permanent Wood Foundation (PWF; treated)
75
Post and Pier
20 to 65
Post and Tensioned Slab on Grade
100+
Poured-Concrete Footings and Foundation
100+
Slab on Grade (concrete)
100
Wood Foundation
5 to 40
Concrete and poured-block footings and foundations will last a lifetime, assuming they were properly built. Waterproofing with bituminous coating lasts 10 years, but if it cracks, it is immediately damaged.
FRAMING
YEARS
Log
80 to 200
Poured-Concrete Systems
100+
Steel
100+
Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs)
100+
Timber Frame
100+
Framing and structural systems have extended longevities; poured-concrete systems, timber frame houses and structural insulated panels will all last a lifetime.
GARAGES
YEARS
Garage Doors
20 to 25
Garage Door Openers
10 to 15
The quality and frequency of use will affect the longevity of garage doors and openers.
HOME TECHNOLOGY
YEARS
Built-In Audio
20
Carbon Monoxide Detectors*
5
Doorbells
45
Home Automation System
5 to 50
Intercoms
20
Security System
5 to 20
Smoke/Heat Detectors*
less than 10
Wireless Home Networks
5+
* Batteries should be changed at least annually.
Home technology systems have diverse life expectancies and may have to be upgraded due to evolution in technology.
HVAC
YEARS
Air Conditioner (central)
7 to 15
Air Exchanger
15
Attic Fan
15 to 25
Boiler
40
Burner
10+
Ceiling Fan
5 to 10
Chimney Cap (concrete)
100+
Chimney Cap (metal)
10 to 20
Chimney Cap (mortar)
15
Chimney Flue Tile
40 to 120
Condenser
8 to 20
Dampers
20+
Dehumidifier
8
Diffusers, Grilles and Registers
25
Ducting
60 to 100
Electric Radiant Heater
40
Evaporative Cooler
15 to 25
Furnace
15 to 25
Gas Fireplace
15 to 25
Heat Exchanger
10 to 15
Heat Pump
10 to 15
Heat-Recovery Ventilator
20
Hot-Water and Steam-Radiant Boiler
40
Humidifier
12
Induction and Fan-Coil Units
10 to 15
Thermostats
35
Ventilator
7
Thermostats may last 35 years but they are usually replaced before they fail due to technological improvements.
INSULATION & INFILTRATION BARRIERS
YEARS
Batts/Rolls
100+
Black Paper (felt paper)
15 to 30
Cellulose
100+
Fiberglass
100+
Foamboard
100+
Housewrap
80+
Liquid-Applied Membrane
50
Loose-Fill
100+
Rockwool
100+
Wrap Tape
80+
As long as they are not punctured, cut or burned and are kept dry and away from UV rays, cellulose, fiberglass and foam insulation materials will last a lifetime. This is true regardless of whether they were installed as loose-fill, housewrap or batts/rolls.
MASONRY & CONCRETE
YEARS
Brick
100+
Insulated Concrete Forms (hybrid block)
100+
Concrete Masonry Units (CMUs)
100+
Man-Made Stone
25
Masonry Sealant
2 to 20
Stone
100+
Stucco/EIFS
50+
Veneer
100+
Masonry is one of the most enduring household components. Fireplaces, chimneys and brick veneers can last the lifetime of the home.
MOLDING, MILLWORK & TRIM
YEARS
Attic Stairs (pull-down)
50
Custom Millwork
100+
Pre-Built Stairs
100+
Stair Parts
100+
Stairs
100+
Custom millwork and stair parts will last a lifetime and are typically only upgraded for aesthetic reasons.
PANELS
YEARS
Flooring Underlayment
25
Hardboard
40
Particleboard
60
Plywood
100
Softwood
30
Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
60
Wall Panels
100+
The lifetime of any wood product depends heavily on moisture intrusion.
PLUMBING, FIXTURES & FAUCETS
YEARS
ABS and PVC Waste Pipe
50 to 80
Accessible/ADA Handles
100+
Acrylic Kitchen Sink
50
Cast-Iron Bathtub
100
Cast-Iron Waste Pipe (above ground)
60
Cast-Iron Waste Pipe (below ground)
50 to 60
Concrete Waste Pipe
100+
Copper Water Lines
70
Enameled Steel Kitchen Sink
5 to 10+
Faucets and Spray Hose
15 to 20
Fiberglass Bathtub and Shower
20
Gas Lines (black steel)
75
Gas Lines (flex)
30
Hose Bibs
20 to 30
Instant (on-demand) Water Heater
10
PEX
40
Plastic Water Lines
75
Saunas/Steam Room
15 to 20
Sewer Grinder Pump
10
Shower Enclosure/Module
50
Shower Doors
20
Showerheads
100+ (if not clogged by mineral/other deposits)
Soapstone Kitchen Sink
100+
Sump Pump
7
Toilet Tank Components
5
Toilets, Bidets and Urinals
100+
Vent Fan (ceiling)
5 to 10
Vessel Sink (stone, glass, porcelain, copper)
5 to 20+
Water Heater (conventional)
6 to 12
Water Line (copper)
50
Water Line (plastic)
50
Water Softener
20
Well Pump
15
Whirlpool Tub
20 to 50
The quality of plumbing fixtures varies dramatically. The mineral content of water can shorten the life expectancy of water heaters and clog showerheads. Also, some finishes may require special maintenance with approved cleaning agents per the manufacturers in order to last their expected service lives.
RADON SYSTEMS
YEARS
Air Exchanger
15
Barometric Backdraft Damper/Fresh-Air Intake
20
Caulking
5 to 10
Labeling
25
Manometer
15
Piping
50+
Radon Fan
5 to 8
Radon systems have but one moving part: the radon fan.
ROOFING
YEARS
Aluminum Coating
3 to 7
Asphalt (architectural)
30
Asphalt Shingles (3-tab)
20
BUR (built-up roofing)
30
Clay/Concrete
100+
Coal and Tar
30
Copper
70+
EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) Rubber
15 to 25
Fiber Cement
25
Green (vegetation-covered)
5 to 40
Metal
40 to 80
Modified Bitumen
20
Simulated Slate
10 to 35
Slate
60 to 150
TPO
7 to 20
Wood
25
The life of a roof depends on local weather conditions, building and design, material quality, and adequate maintenance. Hot climates drastically reduce asphalt shingle life. Roofs in areas that experience severe weather, such as hail, tornadoes and/or hurricanes, may also experience a shorter-than-normal lifespan overall or may incur isolated damage that requires repair in order to ensure the service life of the surrounding roofing materials.
SIDINGS, FLASHING & ACCESSORIES
YEARS
Aluminum Gutters, Downspouts, Soffit and Fascia
20 to 40+
Aluminum Siding
25 to 40+
Asbestos Shingle
100
Brick
100+
Cementitious
100+
Copper Downspouts
100
Copper Gutters
50+
Engineered Wood
100+
Fiber Cement
100+
Galvanized Steel Gutters/Downspouts
20
Manufactured Stone
100+
Stone
100+
Stucco/EIFS
50+
Trim
25
Vinyl Gutters and Downspouts
25+
Vinyl Siding
60
Wood/Exterior Shutters
20
Outside siding materials typically last a lifetime. Some exterior components may require protection through appropriate paints or sealants, as well as regular maintenance. Also, while well-maintained and undamaged flashing can last a long time, it is their connections that tend to fail, so seasonal inspection and maintenance are strongly recommended.
SITE & LANDSCAPING
YEARS
American Red Clay
100+
Asphalt Driveway
15 to 20
Brick and Concrete Patio
15 to 25
Clay Paving
100+
Concrete Walks
40 to 50
Controllers
15
Gravel Walks
4 to 6
Mulch
1 to 2
Polyvinyl Fencing
100+
Sprinkler Heads
10 to 14
Underground PVC Piping
60+
Valves
20
Wood Chips
1 to 5
Wood Fencing
20
Site and landscaping elements have life expectancies that vary dramatically.
SWIMMING POOLS
YEARS
Concrete Shell
25+
Cover
7
Diving Board
10
Filter and Pump
10
Interior Finish
10 to 35
Pool Water Heater
8
Vinyl Liner
10
Waterline Tile
15+
Swimming pools are composed of many systems and components, all with varying life expectancies.
WINDOWS
YEARS
Aluminum/Aluminum-Clad
15 to 20
Double-Pane
8 to 20
Skylights
10 to 20
Vinyl/Fiberglass Windows
20 to 40
Window Glazing
10+
Wood
30+
Aluminum windows are expected to last between 15 and 20 years, while properly maintained wooden windows should last nearly 30 years.
Note: Life expectancy varies with usage, weather, installation, maintenance and quality of materials. This list should be used only as a general guideline and not as a guarantee or warranty regarding the performance or life expectancy of any appliance, product, system or component.
Electrical Safety
Electricity is an essential part of our lives. However, it has the potential to cause great harm. Electrical systems will function almost indefinitely, if properly installed and not overloaded or physically abused. Electrical fires in our homes claim the lives of 485 Americans each year and injure 2,305 more. Some of these fires are caused by electrical system failures and appliance defects, but many more are caused by the misuse and poor maintenance of electrical appliances, incorrectly installed wiring, and overloaded circuits and extension cords. Some safety tips to remember:
Electrical Panels
Electricity enters the home through a control panel and a main switch where one can shut off all the power in an emergency. These panels are usually located in the basement. Control panels use either fuses or circuit breakers. Install the correct fuses for the panel. Never use a higher-numbered fuse or a metallic item, such as a penny. If fuses are used and there is a stoppage in power, look for the broken metal strip in the top of a blown fuse. Replace the fuse with a new one marked with the correct amperage. Reset circuit breakers from "off" to "on." Be sure to investigate why the fuse or circuit blew. Possible causes include frayed wires, overloaded outlets, or defective appliances. Never overload a circuit with high-wattage appliances. Check the wattage on appliance labels. If there is frayed insulation or a broken wire, a dangerous short circuit may result and cause a fire. If power stoppages continue or if a frayed or broken wire is found, contact an electrician.
Outlets and Extension Cords
Make sure all electrical receptacles or outlets are three-hole, grounded outlets. If there is water in the area, there should be a GFCI or ground-fault circuit interrupter outlet. All outdoor outlets should be GFCIs. There should be ample electrical capacity to run equipment without tripping circuit breakers or blowing fuses. Minimize extension cord use. Never place them under rugs. Use extension cords sparingly and check them periodically. Use the proper electrical cord for the job, and put safety plugs in unused outlets.
Electrical Appliances
Appliances need to be treated with respect and care. They need room to breathe. Avoid enclosing them in a cabinet without proper openings, and do not store papers around them. Make sure to level appliances so they do not tip. Washers and dryers should be checked often. Their movement can put undue stress on electrical connections. If any appliance or device gives off a tingling shock, turn it off, unplug it, and have a qualified person correct the problem. Shocks can be fatal. Never insert metal objects into appliances without unplugging them. Check appliances periodically to spot worn or cracked insulation, loose terminals, corroded wires, defective parts and any other components that might not work correctly. Replace these appliances or have them repaired by a person qualified to do so.
Electrical Heating Equipment
Portable electrical heating equipment may be used in the home as a supplement to the home heating system. Caution must be taken when using these heating supplements. Keep them away from combustibles, and make sure they cannot be tipped over. Keep electrical heating equipment in good working condition. Do not use them in bathrooms because of the risk of contact with water and electrocution. Many people use electric blankets in their homes. They will work well if they are kept in good condition. Look for cracks and breaks in the wiring, plugs and connectors. Look for charred spots on both sides. Many things can cause electric blankets to overheat. They include other bedding placed on top of them, pets sleeping on top of them, and putting things on top of the blanket when it is in use. Folding the blankets can also bend the coils and cause overheating.
Children
Electricity is important to the workings of the home, but can be dangerous, especially to children. Electrical safety needs to be taught to children early on. Safety plugs should be inserted in unused outlets when toddlers are in the home. Make sure all outlets in the home have face plates. Teach children not to put things into electrical outlets and not to chew on electrical cords. Keep electrical wiring boxes locked. Do not allow children to come in contact with power lines outside. Never allow them to climb trees near power lines, utility poles or high tension towers.
Electricity and Water
A body can act like a lightning rod and carry the current to the ground. People are good conductors of electricity, particularly when standing in water or on a damp floor. Never use any electrical appliance in the tub or shower. Never touch an electric cord or appliance with wet hands. Do not use electrical appliances in damp areas or while standing on damp floors. In areas where water is present, use outlets with GFCIs. Shocks can be fatal.
Animal Hazards
Mice and other rodents can chew on electrical wires and damage them. If rodents are suspected or known to be in the home, be aware of the damage they may cause, and take measures to get rid of them.
Outside Hazards
There are several electrical hazards outside the home. Be aware of overhead and underground power lines. People have been electrocuted when an object they are moving has come in contact with the overhead power lines. Keep ladders, antennae, kites and poles away from power lines leading to the house and other buildings. Do not plant trees, shrubs or bushes under power lines or near underground power lines. Never build a swimming pool or other structure under the power line leading to your house. Before digging, learn the location of underground power lines.
Do not climb power poles or transmission towers. Never let anyone shoot or throw stones at insulators. If you have an animal trapped in a tree or on the roof near electric lines, phone your utility company. Do not take a chance of electrocuting yourself. Be aware of weather conditions when installing and working with electrical appliances. Never use electrical power tools or appliances with rain overhead or water underfoot. Use only outdoor lights, fixtures and extension cords. Plug into outlets with a GFCI. Downed power lines are extremely dangerous. If you see a downed power line, call the electric company, and warn others to stay away. If a power line hits your car while you are in it, stay inside unless the car catches fire. If the car catches fire, jump clear without touching metal and the ground at the same time.
MORE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS :
In summary, household electrocution can be prevented by following the tips offered in this guide.
Open slots in the panel are a serious hazard!
Article Courtesy of Premium Home Inspections, LLC and INTERNACHI
Humidifiers are devices that humidify air so that building occupants are comfortable. Central humidifiers are hard-wired into a house’s plumbing and forced-air heating systems.
What is humidity?
Humidity refers to the amount of moisture in the air. “Relative humidity” signifies the amount of moisture in the air relative to the maximum amount of water the air can contain before it becomes saturated. This maximum moisture count is related to air temperature in that the hotter the air is, the more moisture it can hold. For instance, if indoor air temperature drops, relative humidity will increase.
How do central air humidifiers work?
Central air humidifiers are integrated into the forced-air heating system so that they humidify air while it is being heated. The water that is used by the device is pumped automatically into the humidifier from household plumbing, unlike portable humidifiers, which require the user to periodically supply water to the device. Humidifiers are available in various designs, each of which turns liquid water into water vapor, which is then vented into the house at an adjustable rate.
Why humidify air?
Certain airborne pathogens, such as those that cause the flu, circulate easier in dry air than in moist air. Moist air also seems to soothe irritated, inflamed airways. For someone with a cold and thick nasal secretions, a humidifier can help thin out the secretions and make breathing easier.
Indoor air that is too dry can also cause the following problems:
Central Humidifier Dangers
Humidifiers can cause various diseases. The young, elderly and infirm may be particularly at risk to contamination from airborne pollutants, such as bacteria and fungi. These can grow in humidifiers and get into the air by way of the vapor where it can be breathed in. Some of the more common diseases and pathogens transmitted by humidifiers are:
Other problems associated with humidifiers include:
Designs and Maintenance
Other tips:
In summary, central humidifiers are used to humidify air to make it more comfortable, but they can cause health problems and building damage if they are not properly maintained.
Plants and Indoor Air Quality
Article Courtesy of Premium Home Inspections, LLC and INTERNACHI
Raising plants indoors is a home-healthy move because of their ability to clean the air of carbon dioxide, but their benefits don't stop there. According to several studies, the average houseplant can remove formaldehyde, benzene, and a host of other toxins that plague typical indoor air.
It may come as a surprise, but indoor air is often much more polluted than the air outside. Off-gassing from paints, adhesives, and even unsuspected items, such as clothing and tap water, infuse the air we breathe with a host of chemicals, many of which are proven carcinogens. Newer, tighter homes are especially problematic, since they limit the amount of fresh air that can make its way into the interior. Compound this with the average time that citizens of developed nations spend indoors (up to 90%) and the need for remediation becomes clear. Answering this need can be as simple as the addition of green, leafy plants to the living space.
Interesting Facts
Study Performed by NASA
While researching the ability of plants to cleanse air in space stations, NASA made some fascinating and important discoveries concerning the role that houseplants play here on Earth. They tested the ability of a variety of plants to remove common volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the air. The toxins tested include:
In the NASA testing, flowering plants, such as chrysanthemums and gerbera daisies, effectively removed benzene from the chamber's atmosphere. Golden pothos, spider plants and philodendron were the most effective in removing formaldehyde molecules. Other top performers were red-edged dracaena and the Peace Lilly. The rest of the plants tested, with the exception of Chinese evergreen (Aglaonema modestum), were effective at removing at least one of the chemicals from the air. NASA researchers found that plants absorb airborne substances through tiny openings in their leaves, but roots and soil bacteria are also part of the purification process.
The study concluded that in an 1,800-square-foot house, occupants should incorporate 15 to 18 houseplants in 6- to 8-inch diameter containers to improve air quality. The larger and more vigorously they grow, the better.
India Study
The government of India published the results of a groundbreaking study in September of 2008 that analyzed the effects of certain species of plants on indoor air quality. Three plant species –- areca palm, pothos (known as Mother-in-Law's Tongue), and the Money Plant -– were tested for 15 years at the Paharpur Business Centre and Software Technology Incubator Park in New Delhi. The building was 20 years old and 50,000 square feet, and it housed more than 1,200 plants for 300 workers. The study found that the building had the healthiest indoor air in the city. Specifically, compared to other buildings in New Delhi, the building showed reductions of:
In addition, energy costs were reduced by 15% because less outside air infiltration was required. Worker productivity showed an increase of 20%, perhaps as a result of fewer sick days and increased blood-oxygen levels.
In summary, plants can generally be used to enhance the aesthetic environment and the air quality inside buildings, but care must be taken to account for potential allergies, the use of fertilizers and pesticides indoors, adequate ventilation and air flow, and the level of moisture maintained for the plants -- all factors that can affect the building and its occupants.
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